![]() Red is a predominant color on Russian folk costumes like the Sarafan and handicrafts like the Rushnyk and Khokhloma. ![]() Many places in Russia are also associated with the color red, like for example the Red Square or the city Krasnodar. To describe a lovely girl or a woman the word prekrasnaya (Russian: прекрасная) is used and prekrasnyy (Russian: прекрасный) is used for guys. The word for a beautiful girl or a beautiful woman in modern Russian language is krasávica (Russian : красавица), while a beautiful or good guy is called krasávčik ( Russian: краса́вчик). Krasny ( Russian: Красный) means red and krasivyy ( Russian:красивый) means beautiful in modern Russian. ![]() The color is perceived in Russia as the color of beauty, good and something honorable. But even in the modern Russian language, the terms for red and beautiful are strongly connected linguistically and are omnipresent in everyday usage. It is so significant in the Russian folk culture and history that in ancient Russian language the words for beautiful and red ( Russian: Красный, Krasny) were completely identical. In Russian culture the color red plays a significant role since days of Old Russia. The early Ottoman Turks led by the first Ottoman Sultan, Osman I, carried red banners symbolizing sovereignty, Ghazis and Sufism, until, according to legend, he saw a new red flag in his dream inlaid with a crescent. Because red bears are associated with death in many parts of Africa, the Red Cross has changed its colors to green and white in parts of the continent. In other parts of Africa, however, red is a color of mourning, representing death. Like most Central African cultures, the Ndembu see red as ambivalent, better than black but not as good as white. Since their culture sees the color as a symbol of life and health, sick people are also painted with it. In Central Africa, Ndembu warriors rub themselves with red paint during celebrations. It is also the color of wealth, beauty, and the goddess Lakshmi. The color is associated with purity, as well as with sexuality in marital relationships through its connection to heat and fertility. In the Indian subcontinent, red is the traditional color of bridal dresses, and is frequently represented in the media as a symbolic color for married women. In Japan, red is a traditional color for a heroic figure. Propaganda in China is usually depicted through red culture movement. ![]() The Little Red Book, a collection of quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung, founding father of the People's Republic of China (PRC), was published in 1966 and widely distributed thereafter. Red is also associated with either the feminine or the masculine ( yin and yang respectively), depending on the source. On the more negative side, obituaries are traditionally written in red ink, and to write someone's name in red signals either cutting them out of one's life, or that they have died. Special red packets ( simplified Chinese: 红包 traditional Chinese: 紅包 pinyin: hóng bāo in Mandarin or lai see in Cantonese) are specifically used during Chinese New Year celebrations for giving monetary gifts. In Chinese cultural traditions, red is associated with weddings (where brides traditionally wear red dresses) and red paper is frequently used to wrap gifts of money or other objects. ![]() It carries a largely positive connotation, being associated with courage, loyalty, honor, success, fortune, fertility, happiness, passion, and summer. In China, red ( simplified Chinese: 红 traditional Chinese: 紅 pinyin: hóng) is the symbol of fire and the south (both south in general and Southern China specifically). Furthermore, various applications of this color in different countries are explained. This article discusses the meaning of red in various cultures and traditions. ![]()
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